The countries that are the most pro-American are all Caribbean or Central American nations. These are precisely those countries that have been the most victimized historically by the United States.
The vast majority of U. The military occupations during the Banana Wars, the violent containment measures of the Cold War, and even the few visible post interventions mostly—though not exclusively—occurred in the Latin American nations of the northern hemisphere. All told, the findings leave us with two puzzles. First, why do Latin Americans like the U.
Second, why are the most historically victimized countries today the most pro-American? Answering the question requires looking a little more closely at Latin American attitudes and behavior. After all, the U. Memories are also short. Latin America is an overwhelmingly youthful region, and most people under 40 have no vivid memories or experiences of the U. We find that for most Latin Americans, the more immediate reality is that of international economic exchange with the United States.
For Latin American countries, economic exchange with the U. According to political scientists Joseph Nye and William Reed, strong bilateral economic ties between countries promote goodwill between partners by increasing tolerance, mutual trust, and cross-cultural understanding. For example, in much of Central America, a large number of lower- and middle-class citizens receive remittances from friends and relatives working in the U.
Finally, the relative wealth of the U. Many Latin American consumers see U. It remains the first or second commercial partner for nearly every country in the region. Moreover, even within Latin America, it is those countries that are the closest to the U.
The reason why countries that were the most victimized—in Central America and the Caribbean—are the most pro-American is the greater economic interdependence they enjoy with the U. Say "Alexa, enable the Pew Research Center flash briefing". It organizes the public into nine distinct groups, based on an analysis of their attitudes and values. Even in a polarized era, the survey reveals deep divisions in both partisan coalitions.
Use this tool to compare the groups on some key topics and their demographics. Pew Research Center now uses as the last birth year for Millennials in our work.
President Michael Dimock explains why. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world.
It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. Objective reasons include the annexation of territories that formerly belonged to Mexico, interventions in Central American and Caribbean conflicts, support for coups and bloody military dictatorships, and economic policies that exploit natural resources, at time with the connivance of corrupt government officials.
Subjective reasons involved the power of demagoguery in some Latin American countries, the power of envy, and ideologies such as dependency theory. However, Aguinis argued, these reasons alone cannot explain the phenomenon of anti-Americanism nor the virulence of its reemergence. Rather, he described the clash as a struggle between modernity and anti-modernity. He defined modernity in accordance with the principles of the Enlightenment: sovereignty of the people; constitutionally defined, democratic institutions; limited, representative government; and faith in science and reason.
Questions arise in current debates over globalization and international development as to the appropriateness and applicability of Enlightenment principles to non-Western nations. In response, a new, post-modern model has emerged as an alternative to the Eurocentrism of the past. Anti-Americanism, Aguinis hypothesized, may be a symptom of this post-modernism, which is against religious tolerance, pluralism, freedom of press and of speech, etc.
Aguinis noted that there are many ways to define anti-Americanism, including as Paul Hollander did—as an irrational emotion equivalent to racism. Aguinis stated there seems to be a consensus among academics that anti-Americanism is not equivalent to a critique of U. When you are confronted with this it creates a negative and racist reaction.
Clealand also notes that because Latino groups in Miami experienced discrimination themselves when they first arrived here, they believe that gives them a pass from being accused of anti-Black racism.
Along those lines, Bustamante says he understands why some Latinos got angry at a few protesters who waved the image of brutal Castro sidekick Che Guevara this summer. Still, he argues that even if some Black people in U.
But making that case is often overpowered by the racial — and racist — political histories of countries like Venezuela. Search Query Show Search. Show Search Search Query.
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