All great painters were more or less Impressionists. It is mainly a question of instinct. It is for the artist to do something beyond this. I am at liberty to paint flowers and call them flowers, without their needing to tell a story. That is a transformation in which imagination collaborates with memory.
Don't be afraid of putting on color Paint generously and unhesitatingly, for it is best not to lose the first impression. Merely think, here is a little square of blue, here an oblong of pink, here a streak of yellow, and paint it just as it looks to you, the exact color and shape, until it emerges as your own naive impression of the scene before you.
The 'unorthodox' Impressionists - Monet, Pissarro, Sisley - fell under a shadow. Beginnings and Development. Later Developments and Legacy. Quick view Read more. Manet's paintings are considered among the first works of art in the modern era, due to his rough painting style and absence of idealism in his figures. Manet was a close friend of and major influence on younger artists who founded Impressionism such as Claude Monet, Edgar Degas and Pierre-Auguste Renoir.
Claude Monet. Claude Monet was a French artist who helped pioneer the painterly effects and emphasis on light, atmosphere, and plein air technique that became hallmarks of Impressionism. He is especially known for his series of haystacks and cathedrals at different times of day, and for his late Waterlilies.
Edgar Degas. Edgar Degas was a French Impressionist painter, printmaker and sculptor with an extraordinarily long career from the mid-nineteenth century until after WWI. As one of the original group of Impressionists, although he preferred to be called a Realist, he traveled widely and employed the use of photography in his creative process. He is most renowned for his painting and drawings of ballet dancers in rehearsal and performances in the theatre. Pierre-Auguste Renoir.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir was one of the leading figures of French Impressionism during the late-nineteenth century. Renoir tended to favor outdoor scenes, gardens bathed in sunlight, and large gatherings of people. Known as a master of light, shadow and color, Renoir was also highly esteemed for his depiction of natural movement on the canvas.
In terms of the French Impressionists' lasting popularity and fame, Renoir is perhaps second only to Monet. Camille Pissarro. Known as the "Father of Impressionism," he used his own painterly style to depict urban daily life, landscapes, and rural scenes. Alfred Sisley. Alfred Sisley was an English Impressionist landscape painter who spent much of his life working in France. As an enthusiast of plein air painting, Sisley was among the group of artists that included Monet, Renoir and Pissarro who dedicated themselves to capturing the transient effects of sunlight.
He was a true Impressionist and committed landscape painter who never deviated from this style or subject into figurative work like many of his contemporaries. Mary Cassatt. Mary Cassatt was an American painter and printmaker active in France in the late nineteenth century. She was closely associated with Impressionism, and her signature subjects were intimate, domestic scenes of women, mothers, and children. John Singer Sargent.
John Singer Sargent was the premiere portraitist of his generation, well-known for his depictions of high society figures in Paris, London, and New York. It demonstrates the techniques many of the independent artists adopted: short, broken brushstrokes that barely convey forms, pure unblended colors, and an emphasis on the effects of light. Rather than neutral white, grays, and blacks, Impressionists often rendered shadows and highlights in color.
This seemingly casual style became widely accepted, even in the official Salon, as the new language with which to depict modern life. In addition to their radical technique, the bright colors of Impressionist canvases were shocking for eyes accustomed to the more sober colors of academic painting. Many of the independent artists chose not to apply the thick golden varnish that painters customarily used to tone down their works. The paints themselves were more vivid as well.
Depicted in a radically cropped, Japanese-inspired composition , the fashionable boater and his companion embody modernity in their form, their subject matter, and the very materials used to paint them. Such images of suburban and rural leisure outside of Paris were a popular subject for the Impressionists, notably Monet and Auguste Renoir. Several of them lived in the country for part or all of the year.
New railway lines radiating out from the city made travel so convenient that Parisians virtually flooded into the countryside every weekend.
The boating and bathing establishments that flourished in these regions became favorite motifs. Landscapes , which figure prominently in Impressionist art, were also brought up to date with innovative compositions, light effects, and use of color.
Monet in particular emphasized the modernization of the landscape by including railways and factories, signs of encroaching industrialization that would have seemed inappropriate to the Barbizon artists of the previous generation.
Perhaps the prime site of modernity in the late nineteenth century was the city of Paris itself, renovated between and under Emperor Napoleon III. His prefect, Baron Haussmann, laid the plans, tearing down old buildings to create more open space for a cleaner, safer city.
Also contributing to its new look was the Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War —71 , which required reconstructing the parts of the city that had been destroyed. Impressionists such as Pissarro and Gustave Caillebotte enthusiastically painted the renovated city, employing their new style to depict its wide boulevards, public gardens, and grand buildings.
The Paris population explosion after the Franco-Prussian War gave them a tremendous amount of material for their scenes of urban life. Characteristic of these scenes was the mixing of social classes that took place in public settings.
Degas and Caillebotte focused on working people, including singers and dancers , as well as workmen. Others, including Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt , depicted the privileged classes.
The independent collective had a fluid membership over the course of the eight exhibitions it organized between and , with the number of participating artists ranging from nine to thirty. Pissarro, the eldest, was the only artist who exhibited in all eight shows, while Morisot participated in seven.
Ideas for an independent exhibition had been discussed as early as , but the Franco-Prussian War intervened. They used bold and vibrant colors without mixing them to capture the accurate depiction of light along with its changing quality with the exact impression of their subjects.
Post-impressionism is the art movement that originated as a reaction against Impressionism in France during the s late 19 th century. Most post-impressionist artists began as impressionist artists; they later started to reject these art styles and started to create their own individual styles.
While impressionist artists drew their subject matters from the urbanized life in Paris, many post-impressionist artists deviated from this style. Hence, their choice of the subject matter was not dominated to urban life as many post-impressionist artists developed their individual artistic styles away from the city life of Paris.
Their emphasis on the symbolic and expressive content in their subjects clearly stand evidence to this. However, similar to impressionists, post-impressionists also believed that color could be an independent form and composition as an emotional and aesthetic bearer of meaning.
Moreover, unlike impressionists, post-impressionists painted alone, giving rise to many art styles; however, they often exhibited together. Consequently, there were varied painting styles in post-impressionism such as. However, though they had varied styles, post-impressionists share some similar qualities such as the use of symbolic motifs, unnatural color, and painterly brushstrokes.
Moreover, this movement influenced later art movements such as expressionism , Feminist art, and modernism as well.
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