Academics see this criticism as proof that Shakespeare was in London at this time. Shakespeare begins to compose the first of what will amount to a sonnet collection. His narrative poem Venus and Adonis is his first ever published.
The Merry Wives of Windsor is thought to have been written. William writes the play Much Ado About Nothing in this year. Shakespeare is thought to have composed arguably his greatest play, Hamlet at this time. The narrative poem, The Phoenix and the Turtle is thought to have been written. Measure for Measure is believed to have been written in this year.
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The memorial statue erected by his family in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon also demonstrates his status as a prosperous man of property as well as a famous poet. Elizabeth I was an active and generous patron of the theatre. She had her own acting company called the 'Queen's Men', and stood against the puritans who wished to close down the theatres.
Without her support the Elizabethan theatres would not have survived. In the s court performances by acting companies became popular and Shakespeare's company was selected more than any other. Shakespeare does not refer to Elizabeth very often. He makes only one direct reference to her: "a fair vestal throned by the west" A Midsummer Night's Dream.
Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, England, in The exact date of his birth isn't known, but it is generally celebrated on April We do know that he was baptized on April 26, and it was common practice at the time to have an infant be baptized no later than the first Sunday after birth. He likely attended the local grammar school, beginning at age 7, although he probably had learned his letters and basic reading before then.
There is no record of him attending university. William was the oldest surviving child; two infant daughters died before William was born. William's younger siblings were Gilbert born in , Joan , Anne , Richard and Edmund Ann died at the age of eight, but the others lived into their adulthoods.
Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway near the end of , when he was 18 years old. The exact date of Anne's birth is unknown, but she is thought to have been around 26 when they married. William Shakespeare wrote in his last will and testament, dated March 25, , "Item I gyve unto my wife my second best bed with the furniture" furniture is used to refer to the curtains and bedcover which formed part of the complete bed.
This was not an unusual bequest, nor was it likely to have been intended as a snub. The best bed was usually regarded as an heirloom piece, to be passed to the heir rather than the spouse. It is also probable that the best bed would have been reserved for guests, meaning the "second best" was the bed that William and Anne shared. We don't really know how Shakespeare's young son Hamnet died.
He had a twin sister named Judith, who lived to adulthood and married, but Hamnet died at the age of 11 and a half. Child mortality was high in the sixteenth century; there were no antibiotics and many childhood diseases might therefore prove fatal, such as scarlet fever, whooping cough, diphtheria, and even measles. He was buried on August 11, The eldest, Susanna, was baptized on May 26, , and married John Hall in They had one child, Elizabeth, in Elizabeth was married twice, to Thomas Nash in , and to John Bernard in However, she had no children by either husband.
William and Anne also had twins, Judith and Hamnet, who were baptized on February 2, Hamnet died at age 11 and a half. Judith married Thomas Quiney in , and the couple had three sons: Shakespeare Quiney, who died in infancy, and Richard and Thomas, who both died in within a month of each other. Since neither of the boys married, there is no possibility of any legitimate descendants from Shakespeare's line.
It is possible, however, to claim a relationship to Shakespeare through his sister, Joan. She married William Hart some time before and there are many descendants of this marriage alive today, in both the male and female lines. Yes, William's father, John Shakespeare, was granted a coat of arms in It was disputed in by York Herald, Ralph Brooke, saying that the arms were too similar to existing coats of arms, and that the family was unworthy.
However, the challenge seems to have been unsuccessful, as the Shakespeare crest appears in later collections of coats of arms and on William Shakespeare's funeral monument in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon.
Did Shakespeare write the plays and poems attributed to him? Some have argued that a more noble writer was secretly behind the works attributed to Shakespeare; they doubt that someone without an aristocratic pedigree could have written the plays and poetry published under his name.
Since the 19th century, several candidates for "hidden author" have been proposed, among them Queen Elizabeth, Sir Francis Bacon, and Edward de Vere earl of Oxford. Such debates testify to the lasting importance of Shakespeare's works and call attention to the astonishing achievement that they represent.
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