Hindu fertility rates during the period are 3. In many countries, Hindu fertility is below the 2. Mostly owing to a high number of relatively young immigrants, Hindus in Europe median age of 34 and North America median age of 30 were considerably younger than the general populations in those regions as of At the global and regional level, religious switching therefore makes little difference in the growth projections for Hindus.
Nearly 1 million Hindus are expected to move to a different region between and About , Hindus from Asia and the Pacific are forecast to move to the Middle East-North Africa region, while smaller numbers are expected to move to North America , , Europe 90, and sub-Saharan Africa 10, between and Roughly , Hindus are forecast to move from the Middle East-North Africa region to the Asia-Pacific region; many of them are returning to Asia after working in the oil-rich Persian Gulf countries.
These migration patterns are projected to continue in the decades ahead. See the Methodology on page for more information on how migration flows were estimated. Similarly, when migration is taken into account, the expected Hindu shares of the populations in Europe and the Middle East-North Africa region in are roughly double what they would be without migration.
About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. A swastika symbol featured on a tile at Hindu temple on Diu Island, India. The symbol is one of good luck and good fortune. There are two primary symbols associated with Hinduism, the om and the swastika.
The word swastika means "good fortune" or "being happy" in Sanskrit, and the symbol represents good luck. The om symbol is composed of three Sanskrit letters and represents three sounds a, u and m , which when combined are considered a sacred sound. The om symbol is often found at family shrines and in Hindu temples. The primary sacred texts, known as the Vedas, were composed around B. This collection of verses and hymns was written in Sanskrit and contains revelations received by ancient saints and sages.
Most scholars believe Hinduism started somewhere between B. But many Hindus argue that their faith is timeless and has always existed. Around B. Rituals, such as sacrifices and chanting, were common in the Vedic Period. Hindus began to emphasize the worship of deities, especially Vishnu, Shiva and Devi.
The concept of dharma was introduced in new texts, and other faiths, such as Buddhism and Jainism, spread rapidly. Hinduism and Buddhism have many similarities. Buddhism, in fact, arose out of Hinduism, and both believe in reincarnation, karma and that a life of devotion and honor is a path to salvation and enlightenment.
But some key differences exist between the two religions: Buddhism rejects the caste system of Hinduism, and does away with the rituals, the priesthood and the gods that are integral to the Hindu faith. The Medieval Period of Hinduism lasted from about to A. New texts emerged, and poet-saints recorded their spiritual sentiments during this time.
In the 7th century, Muslim Arabs began invading areas in India. Between and , an estimated million babies were born to Christian mothers and roughly million Christians died — a natural increase of million. But among Christians in Europe the reverse is true: Deaths outnumbered births by nearly 6 million during this brief period. In Germany alone, there were an estimated 1. In fact, Muslims and the unaffiliated in Europe both experienced natural increases in their populations, with our new report estimating that there were over 2 million and 1 million more births than deaths, respectively, between and Globally, Muslims make up the second largest religious group, with 1.
Muslims experienced the greatest natural increase among all religious groups, including Christians. Births to Muslims between and outnumbered deaths by million million births vs. Globally, all major groups had more births than deaths.
Not all babies will remain in the religion of their mother, of course. In some countries, including the United States, it is fairly common for adults to leave their childhood religion and switch to another faith or no faith. Globally, however, the effect of religious switching is overshadowed by the impact of differences in fertility and mortality. In , the median age of Indian Muslims was 22, compared with 26 for Hindus and 28 for Christians. Likewise, Muslim women have an average of 3.
But, even with this increase, Hindus will make up more than three-in-four Indians India also has a number of smaller religious minorities. In , approximately 2. Christians are expected to make up 2. Religious turmoil between Muslims and Hindus, but also involving Sikhs, Christians and others has long been a fact of life in India.
The year the country won its independence from Britain, the Indian subcontinent was partitioned along religious lines , into Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India.
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